Minor side effects are mainly due to neurovegetative reactions on pain and fear and are not related to the drug as such. They are: pallor, cold sweating, vasovagal collapse and syncope.
If symptoms occur, the patient is placed in Trendelendburg's position (head and thorax down, legs up) and oxygen given.
More seroius (toxic) reactions are related to the amount of product that reaches the blood circulation. They are usually the result of unintentional intravascular injection, absolute overdose or swift absorbtion of the product.
The reactions are usually related to the central nervous system with headache, anxiety and excitement, vertigo, diminished hearing and disturbed vision, tremor and convulsions and to the cardiovascular system (hypotension, bradycardia, cardiovascular failure and collapse.
Patients with liver disturbances, acidosis or epilepsy constitute a particular group at risk for potential toxic reactions.
Allergic (anaphylactic) reactions on lidocaine are rare.
However, because an anaphylactic reaction is very dramatic (mortality rate of about 3-4%), one must always be aware that it is possible.
Local pain. May be present for one to two hours after the infiltration and disappears spontaneously.
Haematoma and/or ecchymosis.
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